academic
Having to do with general or liberal rather than technical or vocational
education
adapt
To make fit or suitable by changing
aerial photographs
Photographs taken from an aircraft
allowable cut
The amount of timber that may be harvested from an area over a specified
period of time in accordance with the management objectives
alternative
A choice between two things or among more than two things
antibiotic
Destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms
atmosphere
The gaseous envelope (air) surrounding the earth
attitude
A manner of acting, feeling, or thinking that shows one's disposition, opinion,
etc.
bacteria
Typically one-celled microorganisms which have no chlorophyll, multiply
by simple division, and can be seen only with a microscope
bark
The outside covering of the stems and roots of trees and woody plants
benefits
Anything contributing to an improvement in condition; advantage; help
biodiversity
The variety of genes within an animal or plant species, the variety of species
in a region, and the variety of ecosystems or habitats within a region
bleached
Whitened; blanched
board mill
A mill that produces boards of lumber, or sheets of chipboard, plywood,
etc.
broad-leafed
Having flat rather than needlelike leaves; having broad leaves
bucksaws
A saw set in a frame, held on one side with both hands for cutting wood
on a sawbuck
bud
A small swelling or projection on a plant, from which a shoot, cluster of
leaves, or flower develops
budscales
The protective covering of a bud
budworm
An insect that eats buds and foliage of trees
buffer strip (riparian zone)
A strip of land where disturbance is not allowed or is closely monitored
to preserve or enhance aesthetic and other qualities along or adjacent to
roads, trails, watercourses and recreation sites
caliper
Instrument used to measure the diameter of a tree
cambium
A layer of formative cells between the wood and bark in woody plants: the
cells increase by division and differentiate to form new wood and bark
cant hook
A pole with a movable hooked arm at or near one end, for catching hold of
logs and rolling them
cellulose
The chief substance composing the cell walls
or fibres of all plant tissue
charcoal
An amorphous form of carbon produced by partially burning or oxidizing wood
or other organic matter in large kilns from which air is excluded: used
as a fuel, filter, gas absorbent, etc.
chlorophyll
The green substance in plants which in the presence of sunlight manufactures
food
chloroplast
A chlorophyll-bearing body generally found inside a leaf cell
clearcutting
A silviculture system in which an entire crop of trees is removed at one
time and the area is then planted or regenerates naturally
commercial lands
Forest lands capable of bearing timber for sale
competitive
Involving, or based on competition (striving for the same object, position,
etc.)
cone
A fruit with overlapping scales in which seeds are formed
conifers
Trees which produce their seeds in cones and have needles
cooperative
(or co-operative) inclined to work together with another or others for a
common purpose
cotyledon
A seed leaf; the first leaf of a germinating seed
crown
The upper portion of a tree containing the limbs, twigs, leaves, buds, flowers
and fruit
Crown lands
Publicly-owned land, held by the Provincial Government
cyclone cleaner
A container where the pulp is spun around to remove any dirt particles
DDT
[d(ichloro) d(iphenyl)T(richloroethane)]
A powerful insecticide now banned in North America
debarker
A machine used in sawmills or pulp mills to remove the bark from logs
deciduous
Trees that shed their leaves annually; as opposed to evergreens
digester
A big tank that cooks wood chips and chemicals at high temperatures to separate
the cellulose fibres
dioxins
Chemical compounds, most are not toxic. The chlorinated dioxin (chlorinated
hydrocarbon) may be very toxic.
diversity
Quality, state, fact, or instance of being different
dressing mill
Where kiln-dried wood is planed smooth
economy
A system of producing, distributing, and consuming wealth
ecosystem
A system made up of a community of animals, plants, and bacteria and its
interrelated physical and chemical environment
electronic scanner
A light beam passes over an object to measure it and/or check information
elemental chlorine
A pure form of chlorine gas which was used during pulp and paper bleaching
processes before alternative methods were discovered
entrepreneur
A person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the
risk for the sake of the profit
even-aged stand
A group of trees of the same age or nearly the same age
evergreens
See "softwood"
felling
Cutting down a standing tree
flexible
Adjustable to change; capable of modification
forest life cycle
Seeds fall on the soil, germinate and seedlings grow. When the trees become
mature they produce seeds. They grow old, die and fall down. Fallen trees
decompose, giving nutrients back to the soil - food for a new generation
of seedlings.
forest management
The application of scientific, economic and social principles towards managing
a forest property in order to achieve specific objectives
forest management cycle
The phases that occur in the management of a forest including planning,
harvesting, site preparation, reforestation, stand tending, and research
forestry
The science of planting, managing and protecting forests
forwarder
A machine that carries logs from the felling site to a roadside without
dragging them on the ground
fruit
The seed-bearing product of a plant
full tree harvester
A harvesting machine that severs the tree and removes it whole from the
forest
furans
A colorless, liquid ring compound, prepared from wood tar or furfural, and
used as a solvent for resins, plastics, etc., or as a tanning agent
genes
The tiny part of a cell that transfers the characteristics of the parent
organism to its offspring
genetic diversity
The differences or variations in the genetic traits found in a species and
among different species
glacier
A large mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall
constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts
global warming
Increased levels of gases such as carbon dioxide that trap heat in the earth's
lower atmosphere potentially causing global warming
Geographic Information
System (GIS )
A computer system used for forestry forecasting, planning and monitoring
grading
To arrange or classify by grades; rate according to quality, worth, etc.
grafting
A shoot or bud (scion) of one plant or tree is inserted into the stem or
trunk of another, where it continues to grow, becoming a permanent part
habitat
The region where a plant or animal naturally grows or lives; native environment
hardwood trees
Trees that have broad leaves instead of needles
harvest
To remove trees from the forest for the purpose of using or selling them
heartwood
The hard nonliving wood at the core of a tree trunk, usually dark in color
and impervious to air and water
herbicide
A chemical substance sprayed on plants so it will kill them
hot pond
A place to soak logs in water to remove dirt and to loosen the bark
ice age
The Pleistocene period when a large part of the Northern Hemisphere was
intermittently covered with glaciers
Industrial Revolution
The change in social and economic organization resulting from the replacement
of hand tools by machines and power tools and the development of large-scale
industrial production (in England about 1760 and later in other countries)
insecticide
Any substance used to kill insects
interplant
To plant between or among other plants; to plant more than one species on
the same site
inventory
An itemized list or catalogue of goods, property, etc.
jungle
Land covered with dense growth of trees, tall vegetation, vines, etc., typically
in tropical regions, and inhabited by predatory animals
kiln
A furnace or oven for drying, burning, or baking something, as bricks, grain,
or pottery
kraft
a German word that means strong, it is the strongest and most widely used
grade of pulp made today
leader
The part of a tree which grows upward
lifelong learning
The ongoing acquisition of knowledge or skills |
lignin
An organic substance which acts as a binder for the cellulose fibers in
wood and certain plants and adds strength and stiffness to the cell wall
logger
A lumberjack; a person whose work is logging
lumber mill
A sawmill that produces lumber
lumberjack
A person whose work is cutting down timber and preparing it for the sawmill
mixed wood forest
A forest with softwood and hardwood trees
natural regeneration
A natural regrowth of seedlings after harvest or after a natural disturbance
has occurred, such as a fire
needle leaf
A leaf from a conifer
node
That point on a stem which usually bears branches and leaves
nursery
Plot of ground on which young plants are reared for transplantation
nutrient
Chemical element essential for the growth and survival of an organism
nutrient cycle
Producers (green plants) use the sun's energy to manufacture their own food
from abiotic (non living) elements in a process called photosynthesis. These
green plants provide food and oxygen for other living things (consumers).
Some consumers (herbivores) eat producers while some (carnivores) eat other
consumers. Decomposers break down dead plant and animal materials into abiotic
elements. Decomposers are recyclers; the abiotic elements return to the
soil, water, and air for use again. This is how nutrients are cycled and
recycled.
old growth forest
Forests composed of diverse stands of mature trees of various species
over-mature trees
Trees that have grown beyond the stage when they would be harvestable. They
are declining in growth rate and economic value.
ozone
An unstable, pale-blue gas with a penetrating odour
ozone layer
Layer of gaseous ozone in the stratospheric atmosphere that protects life
on earth by filtering out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
partial cutting
Trees removed other than by clearcutting
peavey
A short or long pole with a metal spike and small hook on one end, used
to turn and manuvre logs
pellet
A little ball made of compressed wood;
used for burning in some wood stoves
persistence
Refusing to give up, especially when faced with opposition or difficulty;
continuing firmly or steadily
personal
Having to do with the character, personality, intimate affairs, conduct,
etc. of a certain person
pest
An organism capable of causing damage. Forest pests include insects and
diseases.
pesticide
Any chemical used for killing insects, weeds, etc.
phloem
A spongy layer which stores food manufactured in leaves and transports it
to other parts of the tree (inner bark)
photosynthesis
A process by which green plants use the energy from the sun to fabricate
their own food
planing
To make smooth or level with a plane
plantation
A human-made forest usually established by planting seedlings
pollutant
A harmful chemical or waste material discharged into the water or atmosphere
potash
Prepared by evaporating the lixivium of wood ashes in iron pots
pre-commercial thinning
When trees are about ten years old, teams go into the woods with saws and
do a manual cleaning. This takes out the competing softwoods and thins the
trees if they've grown up too densely
private ownership
Forest land belonging to forestry companies or belonging to individual people
or families
public ownership
A section of forest belonging to all citizens, held by the government. This
is also called Crown land in Canada.
pulp timber
Timber unsuitable for processing into lumber, because of its small diameter,
or its condition
pulp mill
A mill that manufactures pulp
rain forest
A dense, evergreen forest occupying a region having abundant rainfall throughout
the year (often a tropical region)
reforestation
A process by which a forest is regrown
regeneration
The renewal of a crop whether by natural or artificial means
regulation
A rule, ordinance, or law by which conduct, etc. is regulated
resource
Something that a country, state, etc., has and can use to its advantage
(eg. natural resources)
responsibility
Condition, quality, fact, or instance of being responsible; obligation,
accountability, dependability, etc.
root
The part of a plant, usually below the ground, that lacks nodes, shoots,
and leaves; holds the plant in position; draws water and nourishment from
the soil and stores food
sapling
A young tree
sapwood
The soft wood between the inner bark of a tree and the heartwood, serving
to conduct water
sawlogs
Timber suitable for processing into lumber
sawmill
A mill that cuts logs into lumber of different sizes
scarifier
A device used to churn up soil before seedlings are planted on a site
scarifying
Churning up the soil before seedlings are planted
scion
An unrooted portion cut from a plant to make a graft
seed
The part of a flowering plant that typically contains the embryo with its
protective coat and stored food and that will develop into a
new plant if sown
seed coat
A protective covering around the seed
seed orchard
Orchards where trees are grown for the specific purpose of producing seeds
seedlings
Young trees that are used to reforest harvested land
selection cutting
An uneven aged silviculture system in which trees are harvested individually
or in small groups continuously at relatively short intervals
self-motivation
The urging or inciting of oneself to action
shelterwood
A method of harvesting in which some mature trees are left standing in order
to provide protection and shelter for the young regeneration
shipbuilding
A business that designs and builds ships
silviculture
The art of cultivating a forest; forestry
skidder
A machine that is used to skid or drag felled logs from the forest
skills
Great ability or proficiency; expertness that comes from training, practice,
etc.
slash
Branches and tops of trees left on the ground to decay and nourish the soil
slurry
A thin watery mixture of a fine insoluble material; a mixture of liquid
and solid particles so small that they remain in sus-pension instead of
sinking
slurry tank
A tank containing slurry
softwood
Trees that have needle-shaped leaves; also called evergreens because they
remain green throughout the year
spacing
Removing trees from a stand to decrease the stand density, to distribute
the crop of trees more evenly over the growing room
springwood
The first-formed woody portion of the annual growth ring of a shrub or tree
stalk
A support which connects a leaf or a bud to a twig
stand
A standing growth of trees or plants
stoma
A breathing pore on a leaf
stump
The lower end of a tree remaining in the ground after most of the stem or
trunk has been removed
stumpage
The price that must be paid to the provincial government for timber harvested
on Crown land
summerwood
The last-formed woody portion of the annual growth ring of a shrub or tree,
usually containing more fibres and fewer vessels than springwood
super trees
Also referred to as "plus trees", these are trees that have been
selected for their superior traits (i.e. volume or form) to be tested and
possibly utilized in a genetic tree improvement program
sustainability
To keep in existence, to maintain or prolong
sustainable harvest
A forest management policy in which the amount of trees harvested is not
to exceed the amount of trees grown by the forest each year
swede saw
A thin kerfed manual saw used on bygone logging operations primarily for
delimbing or felling smaller diameter trees
TMP (thermo-mechanical pulp)
A pulp produced using steam, heat and enormous pressure to break down the
wood structure by separating the fibres. This method is called the thermo-mechanical
process.
teamwork
Joint action by a group of people, in which individual interests are subordinated
to group unity and efficiency; coordinated effort
thinning
Removing excess and poorer quality trees from a stand for the purpose of
improving the growth and value of the remaining crop of trees
timber trees
The forest crops and stands containing trees of commercial size and quality
suitable for sawing into lumber
transplanting
Moving seedlings from one place to another
trunk
The stem or body of the tree which supports the crown
uneven-aged trees
A group of trees that have a wide range of ages
upgrade
To increase in value, or improve
wood chipper
A machine that reduces logs to wood chips
wood fibre
The most important ingredient in pulp and paper; it is composed mainly of
cellulose
wood lot
A piece of land on which trees are cultivated
wood veneers
A thin surface layer of fine wood laid over a base of common material |
